植酸酶對(duì)大米副產(chǎn)品表觀、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總腸道磷消化率的影響

畜牧編輯

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(7): 3441-3448

　　植酸酶對(duì)大米副產(chǎn)品表觀、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總腸道磷消化率的影響

　　G. A. Casas和H. H. Stein

　　本試驗(yàn)研究了植酸酶對(duì)大米副產(chǎn)品（全脂米糠FFRB、脫脂米糠DFRB、糙米、碎米和統(tǒng)糠）磷總腸道表觀消化率（ATTD）和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)消化率（STTD）的影響。將96頭生長(zhǎng)豬（初始體重19.4±1.4kg）隨機(jī)分為12組，每組8頭。對(duì)照組為玉米豆粕型日糧，其余五組為日糧中添加全脂米糠FFRB、脫脂米糠DFRB、糙米、碎米和統(tǒng)糠，所有日糧中玉米和豆粕的比例相似。另六種日糧在此基礎(chǔ)上額外添加植酸酶1000U。通過(guò)直接法計(jì)算每種日糧中磷的ATTD和STTD，通過(guò)差值法計(jì)算得到。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明植酸酶可以顯著降低糞中磷含量（P＜0.05）。基礎(chǔ)日糧和碎米日糧的磷消化率沒(méi)有顯著差異，但是無(wú)論是否添加植酸酶這兩種日糧磷ATTD和STTD都顯著高于其它組。在大米副產(chǎn)品中，碎米的磷ATTD和STTD最高（P＜0.05），無(wú)論日糧中是否添加植酸酶。在無(wú)植酸酶添加情況下，糙米、全脂米糠、脫脂米糠、統(tǒng)糠的磷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全腸道消化率沒(méi)有顯著差異，但是添加植酸酶后，糙米的磷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全腸道消化率和表觀消化率均高于全脂米糠、脫脂米糠、統(tǒng)糠（P＜0.05）。添加植酸酶能提高糙米、全脂米糠和統(tǒng)糠的磷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全腸道消化率（P＜0.05）。日糧中添加植酸酶同樣能夠顯著提高大米副產(chǎn)品的鈣表觀全腸道消化率（P＜0.05）?？傊?，碎米比其它大米副產(chǎn)品磷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全腸道消化率都高。由于糙米、全脂米糠、脫脂米糠中較高的植酸含量，其磷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全腸道消化率較低，但是添加植酸酶可以提高大部分大米副產(chǎn)品的磷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回腸消化率。

　　Effects of microbial phytase on the apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in rice coproducts fed to growing pigs

　　G. A. Casas and H. H. Stein

　　The objectives of this experiment were to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P and the effect of microbial phytase on ATTD and STTD of P in full-fat rice bran (FFRB), defatted rice bran (DFRB), brown rice, broken rice, and rice mill feed when fed to pigs. Ninety-six barrows (initial BW of 19.4 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to 12 diets with 8 replicate pigs per diet in a randomized complete block design. A basal diet based on corn and soybean meal was formulated. Five additional diets containing corn, soybean meal, and each rice coproduct were also formulated, and the ratio between corn and soybean meal in these diets was similar to that in the basal diet. Six additional diets that were similar to the initial 6 diets with the exception that 1,000 units of microbial phytase were added to the diets were also formulated. The ATTD and STTD of P were calculated for each diet using the direct procedure, and the ATTD and STTD of P in each rice coproduct were calculated using the difference procedure. Results of the experiment indicated that the concentration of P in feces was reduced (P < 0.05) from pigs fed diets with microbial phytase compared with pigs fed diets without phytase. No differences were observed between the basal diet and the broken rice diet, but the ATTD and the STTD of P in those diets was greater (P < 0.05) than in all other diets both without and with phytase. Among the rice coproducts, the greatest (P < 0.05) ATTD and STTD of P were observed for broken rice regardless of inclusion of phytase. If no microbial phytase was used, the values for STTD of P in brown rice, FFRB, DFRB, and rice mill feed were not different, but if microbial phytase was included in the diet, ATTD and STTD of P in brown rice was greater (P < 0.05) than in FFRB, DFRB, and rice mill feed. The STTD of P in brown rice, FFRB, and rice mill feed was greater (P < 0.05) if microbial phytase was used than if no microbial phytase was used. Addition of microbial phytase to the diets also increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of Ca regardless of the rice coproducts used. In conclusion, the STTD of P is greater in broken rice than in all other rice coproducts. The STTD of P in brown rice, FFRB, DFRB, and rice mill feed is relatively low due to the high concentration of phytate in these ingredients, but addition of microbial phytase will increase the STTD of P in most rice coproducts。

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