后備母豬日糧代謝能和賴(lài)氨酸水平對(duì)初情期、排卵數(shù)和子宮長(zhǎng)度的影響

畜牧編輯

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(7):3521-3527

　　后備母豬日糧代謝能和賴(lài)氨酸水平對(duì)初情期、排卵數(shù)和子宮長(zhǎng)度的影響

　　J. A. Calderón Díaz, J. L.Vallet, C. A. Lents, D. J. Nonneman, J. R. Miles, E. C. Wright, L. A. Rempel,R. A. Cushman, B. A. Freking, G. A. Rohrer, C. Phillips, A. DeDecker, G.Foxcroft和K. Stalder

　　本試驗(yàn)的目的在于研究商業(yè)條件下不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回腸可消化賴(lài)氨酸（SID賴(lài)氨酸）和代謝能水平對(duì)后備母豬生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響。試驗(yàn)對(duì)照組日糧SID賴(lài)氨酸和代謝能來(lái)源于對(duì)美國(guó)養(yǎng)豬行業(yè)的調(diào)查和投票。1221頭大白×長(zhǎng)白二元母豬隨機(jī)分為6組，試驗(yàn)采用2×3因子設(shè)計(jì)，2個(gè)SID賴(lài)氨酸水平、3個(gè)代謝能水平。母豬為群體飼養(yǎng)，日糧為玉米-豆粕型日糧。后備母豬生長(zhǎng)期日糧SID賴(lài)氨酸水平包括1.02%（對(duì)照組，為調(diào)查平均值）、0.86%（比對(duì)照組水平降低15%），代謝能水平2.94、3.25、3.57 Mcal/kg（平均值上下10%），飼喂期為100日齡至約90kg體重。育肥期日糧中SID賴(lài)氨酸水平為0.85%（對(duì)照組，為調(diào)查平均值）、0.73%（比對(duì)照組水平降低15%），代謝能水平為2.94、3.26、3.59 Mcal/kg（平均值上下10%），飼喂至260日齡。試驗(yàn)開(kāi)始、及每28天測(cè)定后備母豬體重、背膘厚和眼肌面積。后備母豬160日齡開(kāi)始接觸切除輸精管的公豬，并觀察發(fā)情狀況。在約260日齡時(shí)，將后備母豬屠宰，收集生殖系統(tǒng)樣品。每個(gè)樣品檢查測(cè)定是否處于發(fā)情期、發(fā)情期的哪個(gè)階段、排卵數(shù)和子宮長(zhǎng)度。所有數(shù)據(jù)使用正態(tài)分布和混合模型進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。初情期在160-265日齡，平均日齡為193天。若以靜立反射為發(fā)情標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，試驗(yàn)中160日齡后備母豬有91.0%已經(jīng)開(kāi)始發(fā)情。日糧處理對(duì)初情期日齡和生殖系統(tǒng)的影響不顯著。在公豬從160日齡開(kāi)始刺激母豬的情況下，后備母豬100-160日齡的生長(zhǎng)速度不會(huì)影響母豬初情時(shí)的日齡。

　　Age at puberty, ovulation rate, and uterine length of developing gilts fed two lysine and three metabolizable energy concentrations from 100 to 260 d of age

　　J. A. Calderón Díaz, J. L. Vallet, C. A. Lents, D. J. Nonneman, J. R. Miles, E. C. Wright, L. A. Rempel, R. A. Cushman, B. A. Freking, G. A. Rohrer, C. Phillips, A. DeDecker, G. Foxcroft and K. Stalder

　　The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ad libitum feeding diets differing in standard ileal digestible (SID) lysine and ME concentrations that bracket those fed to developing gilts in U.S. commercial settings. Average SID lysine and ME concentrations in diets currently fed to developing gilts were obtained from a poll of the U.S. commercial swine industry. Crossbred Large White × Landrace gilts (n = 1,221), housed in groups, were randomly allotted to 6 corn-soybean diets in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement formulated to provided 2 SID lysine and 3 ME concentrations. Gilts received grower diets formulated to provide 1.02% (control = survey average) or 0.86% (control minus 15%) SID lysine and 2.94, 3.25, or 3.57 (survey average ME ± 10%) Mcal of ME/kg from 100 d of age until approximately 90 kg BW. Then, gilts were fed finisher diet containing 0.85% (control = survey average) or 0.73% (control minus 15%) SID lysine and 2.94, 3.26, or 3.59 (control ± 10%) Mcal of ME/kg until 260 d of age. Gilts were weighed, and backfat thickness and loin muscle area were recorded at the beginning of the trial and then every 28 d. Starting at 160 d of age, gilts were exposed daily to vasectomized boars and observed for behavioral estrus. At approximately 260 d of age, gilts were slaughtered and their reproductive tract was collected. Each reproductive tract was examined to determine whether the gilt was cyclic, the stage of estrus cycle, ovulation rate, and uterine length. Data were evaluated for normality and analyzed using mixed model methods. Average age at puberty was 193 d of age with a range from 160 to 265 d. When all gilts on trial at 160 d of age were included in the analysis, 91.0% reached puberty as determine by observation of standing estrus. Differences between dietary treatments on age at puberty or measurements of the reproductive tract were not detected. Growth rates to 160 d were not limiting for attainment of puberty in response to daily boar stimulation from 160 d。

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